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Omschrijving
This book is not only meant for philosophers and medical historians, but for all who want to take a look at the extensive menu of Cartesian cuisine. The 17th-century philosopher René Descartes turned established science upside down by doubting all certainties. His critical mind rejected statements that could not be proven by the Ratio. The Ratio was the metaphor for the roots, the physics for the trunk and the medicine for the branches and leaves of the Cartesian tree. This premise was directly opposed to the established aristotelian theory in which observation formed the basis of knowledge. De Raey, who once called Descartes his best student, synthesized a hybrid model of the old Aristotelian and the new Cartesian concept. From 1658 to 1662 he gave private lessons in medicine at Leiden University and tried to use his model as a basis for explaining human physiology. Until now, nothing was known about the content of these lectures. The author recently found a dispute. It is a new dish on the Cartesian menu.
In addition to his profession as a military physician, the author was also a member of the academic staff of the History of Medicine research group in Leiden during the 1980s. He focused his work there on anatomy and physiology in Leiden in the 18th century. He also wrote an overview of developments in twenty-five years of medicine together with the then head of the research group, the late Prof. A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout. In 1983, he published a standard work on the anatomist Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770), whereby he used ‘forgotten’ anatomical and physiological sources. These were old lecture notes and anatomical preliminary studies. During the last two decades he has worked as an eye surgeon at the Military Hospital in Utrecht and later at the University Medical Center Utrecht. He is currently co-owner and medical director of Eyescan, an ophthalmic healthcare clinic. Throughout this time, he did not lose his interest in Leiden’s medical history. He brought together an extensive collection of Leiden’s medical publications, including anatomical atlases, anatomical and physiological books, disputations, practice disputations, inaugural speeches, manuscripts, prints, portraits and instruments. He translated and annotated a large part of these publications himself. During this period, he became increasingly interested in the content of the disputations, and in particular the disputations exercitii gratia. These were public practice disputations on subjects that the lecturer had taught during his private tutorials (collegia). They often involved controversial opinions and new ideas put forward by the professors, as well as commentaries on current medical theories. One can imagine how movements such as humanism, Cartesianism and iatrochemistry caused quite a bit of unrest at the new Calvinist university in Leiden, where the classical teachings of Aristotle had been made compulsory. These disputations were often a platform for new scientific ideas. As less than ten percent of these practice disputations have been preserved and few of the remaining editions have been annotated, we can safely say that an important part of this medical history is lacking. The author hopes to track down as many of these practice disputations as possible, to annotate them and to give them their proper place in history.
In addition to his profession as a military physician, the author was also a member of the academic staff of the History of Medicine research group in Leiden during the 1980s. He focused his work there on anatomy and physiology in Leiden in the 18th century. He also wrote an overview of developments in twenty-five years of medicine together with the then head of the research group, the late Prof. A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout. In 1983, he published a standard work on the anatomist Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770), whereby he used ‘forgotten’ anatomical and physiological sources. These were old lecture notes and anatomical preliminary studies. During the last two decades he has worked as an eye surgeon at the Military Hospital in Utrecht and later at the University Medical Center Utrecht. He is currently co-owner and medical director of Eyescan, an ophthalmic healthcare clinic. Throughout this time, he did not lose his interest in Leiden’s medical history. He brought together an extensive collection of Leiden’s medical publications, including anatomical atlases, anatomical and physiological books, disputations, practice disputations, inaugural speeches, manuscripts, prints, portraits and instruments. He translated and annotated a large part of these publications himself. During this period, he became increasingly interested in the content of the disputations, and in particular the disputations exercitii gratia. These were public practice disputations on subjects that the lecturer had taught during his private tutorials (collegia). They often involved controversial opinions and new ideas put forward by the professors, as well as commentaries on current medical theories. One can imagine how movements such as humanism, Cartesianism and iatrochemistry caused quite a bit of unrest at the new Calvinist university in Leiden, where the classical teachings of Aristotle had been made compulsory. These disputations were often a platform for new scientific ideas. As less than ten percent of these practice disputations have been preserved and few of the remaining editions have been annotated, we can safely say that an important part of this medical history is lacking. The author hopes to track down as many of these practice disputations as possible, to annotate them and to give them their proper place in history.